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Risk Methodology: Introduction for Tokenised Assets in DeFi | Alex McFarlane at Pragma Lisbon 2026

ETHGlobalSep 9, 2026

Alex McFarlane, CEO of Keyring Network, introduces a disciplined risk methodology for tokenised assets in DeFi by drawing on lessons from clearing houses, bank regulation, derivatives, and past financial failures. He explains why credentials, ratings, historical performance, and apparently robust models cannot substitute for independent controls. Examples including AIG, Long-Term Capital Management, Lehman Brothers, and fragile clearing assumptions show how incentives, concentration, and model error can turn accepted practices into systemic risk. He traces the modern clearing framework through the Bank for International Settlements and standardized initial margin models, then asks which lessons should transfer to permissionless markets. Historical institutions accumulated rules after repeated crises, but rules can fail when the people setting ratings, collateral assumptions, or insurance prices benefit from optimistic outcomes. McFarlane uses these examples to show why transparency alone does not remove conflicts. A protocol can publish every parameter and still be unsafe if its governance process rewards the wrong behavior. McFarlane focuses on practical safeguards for DeFi lending and tokenized markets: separate parameter setting from commercial pressure, test models outside the data used to calibrate them, examine tail events, and run transparent scenario analysis. He warns that insiders, issuers, or large counterparties may push for higher loan-to-value ratios that benefit them while shifting risk to a protocol. The takeaway is a governance-first approach in which assumptions are challenged, conflicts are visible, and risk parameters are designed for unfamiliar market conditions, not merely optimized to explain the past. The methodology emphasizes independent validation, robust data, and explicit limits on who can influence risk settings. Models should be calibrated on one period and challenged against separate market conditions. McFarlane cites scenario analysis around FTX, a major counterparty collapse, and shocks to DeFi rates, while arguing that macro stress such as a global financial crisis or private-credit selloff deserves more attention. 00:00 Introduction and Risk Quant Background 00:40 DeFi Lending as Automated Clearing 01:31 How Lending Risk Parameters Are Set 02:52 Three Centuries of Clearing Houses 03:28 BIS and Standard Initial Margin Models 04:06 Setting Haircuts for Different Assets 04:23 Applying TradFi Models to Tokenized Assets 04:44 When Risk Takers Mark Their Own Work 05:13 AIG, Lehman, and Financial Failures 05:36 How Clearing Houses Managed Lehman 06:07 Silicon Valley Bank and DeFi Stress 06:39 The Clearing House Default Waterfall 07:38 How Aave Followed the BIS Model 07:56 Fragility, Robustness, and Tail Events 08:18 The Meaning of Antifragility 09:18 Evaluating Proprietary Risk Models 09:42 Why Track Record Is Not Proof 10:08 Long-Term Capital Management Failure 10:48 Independent Validation After 2008 11:38 Monte Carlo Models and In-Sample Data 12:27 Testing Models on Unseen Conditions 12:53 Verify Instead of Trusting Models 14:10 Questions Before Depositing in DeFi 15:15 Commercial Pressure on LTV Settings 16:14 High LTVs and Counterparty Conflicts 16:52 Why Independent Parameters Matter 17:39 Conflicts From Skin in the Game 17:57 Scenario Analysis for Protocol Failures 18:24 Macro Risk and Private Credit Stress 19:07 Open Risk Methodology for Tokenized Assets 19:59 Closing Thanks and Takeaways _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 🇵🇹 *Pragma Lisbon 2026* Pragma Lisbon 2026 was held on June 25th at the Carlos Lopes Pavillion in Lisbon, Portugal and was an in-person summit for builders and leaders in the web3 ecosystem. Watch the full Pragma Lisbon 2026 YouTube Playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLMxB4xW8JYdk ETHGlobal's Pragma series takes place in cities around the world, and is designed to be a different kind of event. Pragma is a one-stage conference with founders-only on stage, bringing together a small group of curated attendees and speakers to discuss the future of web3 and reflect on the past. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ✅ Follow Alex McFarlane X: https://x.com/flipdazed ✅ Follow Keyring Network X: https://x.com/KeyringNetwork ✅ Follow ETHGlobal X: https://x.com/ETHGlobal Warpcast: https://warpcast.com/ethglobal Website: https://ethglobal.com YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@UCfF9ZO8Ug4xk_AJd4aeT5HA _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Are you interested in Ethereum development and entrepreneurship? 👉 Sign up for the next ETHGlobal event: https://ethglobal.com/events 🎁 Get exclusive access and perks with ETHGlobal Plus! https://ethglobal.com/plus 📣 Want us to throw an event in your city? Tell us where! https://ethglobal.com/city