Advancing Ethereum Scalability: Architectural Innovation Trends in the Layer 2 | Devcon SEA

[Music] all right thank you thanks for having me so I'm going to give you uh five minutes five minutes to explain the whole history of blockchain architecture uh it's going to be a lightning thing it's not going to be difficult it's going to be diagrams uh and let's walk it through okay a little bit history lesson so Bitcoin was the first ever implementation of of the blockchain now he didn't really say it but there are three key things that everyone who jumps into blockchain needs to think about in terms of how architecture is designed so firstly you have state so state is like how much money do you have what has happened is it a yes or is it a no for a contract or stuff like this you have uh block space and processing so what that means is uh you have state but this state needs to change and you collect transactions uh and these transactions then need to walk through its part half uh towards a new State uh so you do need some kind of a place to put these transactions and you need a place to put these transactions on the Chain so that everyone can see uh in Bitcoin it was always that same one known at a P2P level uh that same architecture that's shared across many many many nodes uh and essentially the third part is okay uh we have a state this state is moving over time we call that blockchain and then the third thing is uh which uh chain which chain uh which what we call f f rule which chain is the the the truth of the data uh and we call it uh consensus you can think of it this way there are true finite uh Concepts in life there's Capital that's finite there's machines that's finite so one way or another with finite machines or Capital that's going to vote on which is the true state of things uh that's that's the way forward and you can see that large area is kind of like how much that capital e economic sity is so over time like people were like okay let's let's find more use cases so and when they did that you know they they just like initially it wasn't too interesting so things were like you know just for for Bitcoin uh Implement similar ideas around State transitions block based processes and cryptoeconomic security now that's where ethereum comes in right so that's where crypto economic security has a very new lens right so cryptoeconomic security is not just about uh the stake that's been done by validators um Now with uh applications that live on the chain that state actually on the application Level with ERC 20s and all sorts of different assets uh funable assets non-fungible assets they become like new areas of cryptoeconomic uh Capital that has to be secured by the fundamental layer uh that's where we talk about rollups right so rollups is where that uh fundamental Capital that sits on on their on the L1 then gets into a position where okay it's kind of like being used to choose uh Fork fullness of the layer two rollup so you would think that the layer two itself there's also a block space and co-processor there's also a state and that state requires some transaction function across a set of blocks uh yeah and initially this was really expensive because we put all data or into what we call call data and that's on uh a place right directly onto ethereum subsequently we develop um this thing called blobs which kind of like a data layer that's uh a first class citizen uh where it's s like a separate fee Market from General transactions and it only lasts for like a short period of time bunch of weeks before it's destroyed so that way you can prove things with these blobs uh to move the chain forward but you don't need to keep all the data on chain uh that's when we actually have new kinds of data availability as well there are new L1 created like Celestia which have their own State transitions but their goal is to keep data temporary um that is s like uh you know and yet again looks like a fork uh and then subsequently we have like Igan layer and uh symbiotic and karak which then talk about reate Capital where then they use reate Capital as a way to then create new protocols uh and that creates things like a data of variability on like I now all this being said me fees really cheap so the issue is that all the l2s have really cheap but what about the fees on the L1 so new types of designs like Bas roll up architecture help sequencing on the L1 so to collect more fees and me uh and these things are like still in in progress the question is profitability of Base rollups uh whether this will be something sustainable over time yeah uh but with that it creates new ways to use the restate capital I talked about so you can imagine ethereum is a 12C block time but you want a pre-con something that's really fast just like the 2 3 second you find on mantal network um and so the way to do it is like restate capital from igon layer and symbiotic that can then be included in some kind of inclusion list yeah with that that's where we are inclusion list based rollups question mark uh standard rollups l2s optimums and uh validium are different kinds of ways for offchain data and we are truly an infinite uh Garden where there's so many architectures this ecosystem is so many and we will continue to push the best architecture for this ecosystem thank you wow that was on the spot um we are going to take a couple of questions for this session so uh you can ask ask them through the application or just raise your hand and ask and I'll repeat into microphone so is anybody here have a question okay if not they can find you later and ask you anything thank you thank you a lot