The combination of ZKP +/- MPC +/- FHE by Giacomo | Devcon SEA

[Music] [Music] Okay cool so hello everyone uh I'm jinda work as a soft engineer at PSM so as many of you know uh the last few year have seen a huge generational shift in cryptography we pass from specialized to general purpose cryptography and this has brought exciting new opportunities for everyone to make it more practical but this comes at a cost the cost is that we should navigate lots of jargon and mathematic and to get the big picture also for people that has experienced in the field it's pretty hard like navigating the protocols Primitives languages tooling Etc so today we'll try to do something very difficult to give just an overview but we will stay a really high level general purpose uh in order to understand what the building blocks of programmable cryptography can bring and we will just focus on the programmable part instead of the cryptography which is how things work under the hood because we do not have much time so um yeah zero knowledge proof so at zero knowledge proofs make one party the pro able to prove uh to another party the verifier that the statement is true without revealing any information beyond the mere fact of the statements validity so you can use this for example to prove your age that is above some sort of threshold without saying exactly what your age is um secure multiparty computation um is a set of cryptographic protocols that let multiple parties collaborate together to compute a function providing their inputs maintaining those inputs for all the computation private this is useful for use cases like voting when you have to like vote on something and you want to keep your vote private and you do not want to trust on a third party to count the votes then we have FH fuel homomorphic encryption set of cryptographic tools that enables you to do encrypted computations what encrypted computation mean is that once decrypted you get a Plaine text and this plane text is the same as you it performed the computation on the decrypted data directly this ideal for scenarios like out sourcing computation like running machine learning model without letting the model owner learn about your data um each of this block is pretty powerful by its own um but they open up fascinating possibilities by combining them in particular um uh on like trying to solve their own like drawbacks for example dqp can be seen as has an efficient up specific MPC but combining them you can obtain a verifying like the MPC computation like able to prove that the multi party computation was performed correctly under some assumption in the key so instead just Computing you can also prove from input to Output the computation or you can Outsource the computation so you can rely on other people doing the computation for you like they can be like like uh more than one people and this can enable complex cryptography also in resource constraint deviced because you're not Computing by yourself another combination and PC F like one of the biggest challenges in FH is managing the decryption keys and there are two main approaches the first one um is with MPC Distributing the key generation so you have multiple parties and they can jointly and manage a single F key where no single party has the ownership of the key and the multi kef every once has a key and they should combine the key uh to perform the secure computation and on the other hand since FH is just addition multiplication of cyppher text you can achieve sum of product um the of encrypted values so you can build generic MPC with zp and F is the most experimental and is basically trying to tackle two questions the first one is how can I trust that the encrypted value was correct under some assumptions like is a correct BF Cipher text or I can trust that the computation was done correctly and all three blocks combined um is like you can combine them it's technically feasible we can add Z key to make very veryable npcf combination you can add te's trusted execution environment to do the Z ke and participate in the mpcf but um we are still need to take into consideration that many real world problems can be solved with just one vanilla block like just the key or MPC and defining resources constraints and unique needs of your problem can help you navigate all the space of the solutions and help you to make the right choice um I'm running out of time so thank you okay we have three minutes Q&A raise your hand if you have a question that's a little bit far I'm going to try that's why Outsource to you maybe I should give it to you uh hi uh what are the most interesting use cases for every single one of the uh technologies that you've seen um like Z key MPC FG or the combination uh I mean is there a combination application yet um yeah there are some not applications that like I cannot say that they are production ready there are some Explorations and research uh so you have mainly like tooling that can help you to distribute the key of FH in NPC or you have like some sort of initial research in verifiable F like proving that your Cipher text is encrypted correctly so there's still Lots going on and as I said it's hard to keep up with everything so maybe I'm not aware of other stuff but in general yeah I think the most exciting thing is trying to make like advancement in the FG video viability because this can be really a breakthrough and I don't know if I can make another question but uh is there any framework yet for f morphic encryption with contracts like for main ins solidity um when you speak about Main and solidity uh I think that f is mainly of chain stuff there are some teams that are working on onchain F as well um but yeah you can find like the state-of-the-art in the tooling and developer experience is not like as the key one right now so there's still lots of work to do in libraries tooling and Frameworks right now there are good libraries good Frameworks but mainly for experiment mental research more than going to production thank you thank you so much I think we have time for one more question thank you for thank you for the presentation yeah is f general purpose can we use it for every for all computation all kinds of computation um so I'm not 100% sure but f is mostly additions and multiplications so you can maybe emulate everything with those operation and so yeah you can have some sort of general power Bo FHA going on but um all the nuances about like the constraints on how efficient it is or how can be applied on small devices or other stuff it still depends on what kind of backand you are going to use yeah I think okay we have let's give a big hand to much next up we have